Indications & Contra Indications

1.   Patients with angina equivalents who:

• Are considered inoperable or at high risk of operative / interventional complications.
  
• Suffer from micro vascular angina (cardiac syndrome X)
  
• Have coronary anatomy unsuitable for catheter-based or surgical revascularization.
  
• Have co-morbid conditions / illnesses that increase the risk of revascularization procedures (e.g. Diabetes, heart failure, pulmonary disease, renal dysfunction)
  
• Have Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) with an Ejection Fraction <35%
  
• Are unwilling to undergo additional invasive revascularization procedures.
  
• No longer respond to medical therapy.
  
• Restrict their activities to avoid angina.
  
• Cannot afford angioplasty and bypass surgery

2.   Patients who have suffered / suffer from myocardial infarction (heart attacks)

3.   Heart Failure patients who:

• Have ejection fraction of <40%
  
• Have ischaemic or idiopathic cardiomyopathy
  
• Have co-morbid conditions that increase the risk of complications of revascularization procedures.
  
• Diabetic patients who have a greater risk for post-procedural complications. (due to small vessel disease)
  
• Elderly patients at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with invasive coronary interventions