Indications & Contra Indications

1. Patients with angina equivalents who:

Are considered inoperable or at high risk of operative / interventional complications.
Suffer from micro vascular angina (cardiac syndrome X)
Have coronary anatomy unsuitable for catheter-based or surgical revascularization.
Have co-morbid conditions / illnesses that increase the risk of revascularization procedures (e.g. Diabetes, heart failure, pulmonary disease, renal dysfunction)
Have Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) with an Ejection Fraction <35%
Are unwilling to undergo additional invasive revascularization procedures.
No longer respond to medical therapy.
Restrict their activities to avoid angina.
Cannot afford angioplasty and bypass surgery

2. Patients who have suffered / suffer from myocardial infarction (heart attacks)

3. Heart Failure patients who:
Have ejection fraction of <40%
Have ischaemic or idiopathic cardiomyopathy
Have co-morbid conditions that increase the risk of complications of revascularization procedures.
Diabetic patients who have a greater risk for post-procedural complications. (due to small vessel disease)
Elderly patients at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with invasive coronary interventions

ECP can also be performed on patients who want to undergo treatment as a prophylactic (preventative) procedure to ensure a healthy lifestyle.